The deep-sea caridean shrimp Plesionika semilaevis (Spence Bate, 1888) is a significant commercial species in the deep-sea fishery on the south-west coast of India. Analysis of its population parameters is crucial for understanding variability and ensuring the sustainability of this stock. This study presents the first stock assessment of P. semilaevis from Indian waters, analysing its population and growth parameters in the south-eastern Arabian Sea. Both sexes showed negative allometric growth. Growth estimates using the von Bertalanffy model revealed fast growth and low longevity for males (L∞ = 14 cm TL, K = 0.74 yr-1 and Φ′ = 2.16) and females (L∞ = 14.3 cm TL, K = 0.73 yr-1 and Φ′ = 2.17). The length at first capture was estimated as 9.46 cm while the length at maturity was measured at 8.73 cm. The estimated values for natural, fishing and total mortality were 1.12 , 2.06 and 3.18±0.17 yr-1 respectively. The exploitation rate (E = 0.65) was almost equal to the Emsy value (E0.1 = 0.62), indicating the fishery as sustainable. The findings provide a baseline for stock management and conservation of Indian deep-sea fisheries.

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The dynamics of physico-chemical, nutrient, and chlorophyll-a variables were studied in the bloom and non-bloom locations along the off-Gujarat coastal waters to understand the variability in biogeochemistry using multivariate analytical tests. The dissolved oxygen was significantly lower in the bloom stations (3.89 ± 0.44 mgL−1) than in the non-bloom stations (5.50 ± 0.70 mg L−1), due to the biological degradation of organic matter in addition to anaerobic microbial respiration. Nutrients (PO4 and NO3) and Chl-a concentrations were recorded higher in the bloom locations at 0.83 ± 0.21 µmol L−1, 4.47 ± 0.69 µmol L−1, 4.14 ± 1.49 mg m−3, respectively. PO4 and NO3 have shown a significantly higher positive correlation of r = 0.73 and r = 0.69 with Chl-a for bloom data than the non-bloom data. The percentage variance contributed by PC1 and PC2 for both bloom and non-bloom locations were estimated at 52.33%. The variable PO4 explains the highest 24.19% variability in PC1, followed by Chl-a (19.89%). The PO4 triggers the bloom formation and also correlates to the higher concentrations of Chl-a in the bloom locations. The bloom concentration ranges from 9553 to 12,235 trichomes L−1. The bloom intensity has shown a significant positive correlation with Chl-a (r = 0.77), NO3 (r = 0.56), and PO4 (r = 0.30), but a negative correlation was noticed with DO (r =  − 0.63) and pH (r =  − 0.49). The study also initiates a way forward research investigation on ocean-color technologies to identify and monitor blooms and climate change–driven factors for bloom formation. The occurrence of bloom and its influence on fishery resources and other marine biotas will open many research windows in marine fisheries, oceanography, remote sensing, marine biology, and trophodynamics.

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Phlorotannins derived from the brown macroalga Turbinaria ornata exhibit anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity, making them a promising natural resource for functional foods targeting thrombotic disorders. The phlorotannin extract (TOC), identified as a mixture of eckols, fuhalols, and carmalol derivatives, exhibited a total phenolic content of 141.3 mg GAE/g and a phlorotannin content of 21.1 mg PGE/g (p < 0.05). Further purification of TOC with Amberlite XAD-16 resin produced a phlorotannin-rich fraction (TOP), exhibiting an elevated total phenolic content (171.2 mg GAE/g) and phlorotannin content (38.2 mg PGE/g). Bioactivity assessment revealed that TOP exhibited potent antioxidant activity (IC50 ? 0.2 mg/mL) and significant anticoagulant properties. TOP (25 μg/mL) significantly prolonged coagulation times by increasing activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) from 22.95 s to 131.35 s and prothrombin time (PT) from 23.90 s to 86.02 s. In thrombin-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), TOP (6.25–25 μg/mL) reduced intracellular calcium mobilization by 22.8–50 % and fibrin polymerization by 36.7–59.4 % in plasma. Additionally, TOP (6.25–25 μg/mL) decreased the fluorescent intensities of phosphorylated MARCKS (p-MARCKS) and factor Xa (FXa) by 18.2–74.9 % and 43.1–85.2 %, respectively (p < 0.05). In a dose-dependent manner, TOP (6.25–25 μg/mL) inhibited total thrombin production by 20.5–60.3 %. Furthermore, TOP (6.25–25 μg/mL) reduced adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation by 18.14–63.97 % and induced structural changes in platelets, promoting a less aggregated state. The ability of phlorotannins to modulate both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascades highlights the therapeutic potential of TOP in regulating clot formation and preventing vascular damage, thereby warranting further molecular and clinical investigations.

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Deep-sea trawl samples collected from the west coast of India have revealed several previously undetected species inhabiting the deep waters. This study reports the first record of Bathycongrus nasicus from the western Indian waters and the second record from the entire western Indian Ocean. A single specimen of B. nasicus was collected from the Neendakara fishery harbour in southern Kerala. The species identity was confirmed morphometrically by comparing it with previous records, and the study provides the first molecular identification of this rare congrid eel. The presence of B. nasicus in the western Indian waters suggests its potential distribution throughout the northern Indian Ocean, with prior records from the Bay of Bengal and the western Arabian Sea. This new record indicates that there might be occurrences of several previously unknown fish species in the non-commercial fishery of this region, underscoring the importance of survey collections of non-commercial fishes, which play a crucial role in marine ecosystems.

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The occurrence and impact of pathogenic Vibrio sp. in coastal waters are strongly influenced by climate change indicators such as ocean warming, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events. This study aimed to compare the virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Vibrio cholerae from clinical and environmental sources across India's coastal regions. We also examined pathogenic traits in other marine Vibrio sp. We hypothesized that Vibrio spp. from different environments would show distinct virulence and AMR patterns shaped by their ecological context. To investigate this, we conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on both clinical and environmental isolates. Our findings reveal that environmental V. cholerae from coastal waters possess genes promoting host adhesion and haemolytic activity. Similarly, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus harboured virulence factors aiding tissue attachment and invasion. Resistance profiling showed environmental V. cholerae were resistant to fluoroquinolones and macrolides, while clinical isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides and sulphonamides. The presence of antibiotic-resistant Vibrio in marine environments poses a significant public health risk, especially given frequent human interactions with coastal waters for recreation, fishing, and transport. Climate change may exacerbate the proliferation and movement of these pathogens across aquatic and terrestrial systems, increasing the likelihood of human exposure. Moreover, the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance genes among pathogenic marine bacteria further highlights the need for surveillance and mitigation strategies to address the growing threat of AMR in marine ecosystems.

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